The Magic Behind metal crafts: A Complete Guide to Metal Surface Finishes

From gleaming enamel badges to delicate metal tags, the diverse forms and textures of metal crafts are brought to life by a series of sophisticated finishing techniques. These processes are not just methods—they are the magic that gives metal its soul. Let’s explore the surface arts that transform metal into wearable and displayable art.

Part 1: Forming Processes – Giving Metal Its Shape

Before decoration begins, metal must first be formed into its basic shape.

Die Casting
Molten metal is injected into a steel mold and cooled to form the product. Ideal for complex 3D shapes (like figurines or dimensional logos), it captures fine detail and feels solid and weighty. However, mold costs are high, making it best for large production runs.

Die Striking
A metal sheet is stamped under high pressure with a die to create a raised or recessed design. This results in sharp edges and often a recessed back. Perfect for crisp, cost-effective medals and plaques.

3D Printing
Also known as additive manufacturing, this builds objects layer by layer from materials like resin or metal powder, with no mold required. It enables unprecedented freedom in design, ideal for custom pieces, complex prototypes, and small batches.

Part 2: Coloring & Embellishment – The Magic of Color & Texture

Once formed, the plain metal is ready to be adorned.

1. Enamel – The Art of Lasting Color

Enamel involves fusing glass-based powders onto metal at high temperatures, creating a durable and vivid finish.

• Soft Enamel
  The enamel sits slightly below the metal borders, giving a textured, tactile feel. Colors are bright, and it allows for effects like imitation enamel at a lower cost.

• Hard Enamel
  The enamel is fired and polished flush with the metal edges, resulting in a smooth, glass-like surface with deep, lustrous colors that last for decades. A hallmark of high-quality badges.

• Specialty Enamel Effects
  By adding special materials to the enamel, stunning effects can be achieved:

  • Glow Color – Contains phosphorescent pigments that glow in the dark.

  • Pearl Color – Exhibits a soft, iridescent pearl-like sheen.

  • Glitter – Sparkles with fine metallic or colored glitter particles.

  • Translucent Color – Allows underlying metal or patterns to show through softly.

2. Printing – Reproducing Detailed Imagery

When photographs, gradients, or complex graphics are needed, printing techniques take the stage.

• Silk Screen Printing
  Ink is pushed through a fine mesh screen onto the surface. It creates a relatively thick, opaque, and vibrant layer with excellent adhesion.

• Offset Printing
  Uses the principle that oil-based ink and water do not mix to transfer images with high precision onto smooth, flat surfaces. Often used for detailed metal cards or commemorative plates.

• Pad Printing (Transfer Printing)
  An image is picked up by a silicone pad and transferred onto an uneven or curved surface. Known as “universal printing,” it works well on凹凸不平的 surfaces.

3. Coatings & Textures – Building Tactile Worlds

Beyond color, surface feel and dimension play key roles.

• Epoxy Coating
  A clear epoxy resin is domed over the design, creating a glossy, raised “crystal-like” layer that adds depth and protection.

• Cut-Out
  Metal is laser-cut or die-cut to create openwork designs, producing strong visual contrast and interesting light/shadow play.

• Sandblasting
  High-pressure sand is blasted onto the metal to create a uniform matte, satin finish. It feels smooth and looks subtly luxurious.

• Engraving / Numbering
  Using a tool or laser, grooves are cut into the metal to mark serial numbers, text, or decorative lines. Classic, permanent, and elegant.

Part 3: Movement & Assembly – Bringing Pieces to Life

Modern techniques allow metal objects to have moving parts and interactive features.

Spin
A component (like a central spinner) is attached via a rivet or bearing, allowing it to rotate freely—adding fun and engagement.

Slide
Parts are designed with a track or rail mechanism, enabling them to slide back and forth or along a path.

Hinge
A small hinge connects two parts, allowing opening, closing, or folding. Commonly used in transformable pendants or multi-part badges.

Conclusion: Where Design Meets Craft

From a plain metal blank to a distinctive piece of art, it’s a dance between design and craftsmanship. Each technique is a tool in the maker’s kit, and through clever combination and innovation, designers continue to push the boundaries of metal art. Whether it’s the timeless shine of hard enamel on a commemorative badge or the playful spin of a pendant, these intricate processes remind us: the most captivating art comes from the most thoughtful creation.